Parmigiano Reggiano — it’s a name that conveys authenticity and tradition in the world of Italian cheeses. However, many are surprised to discover that what they’ve been calling “parmesan” bears little resemblance to Italy’s esteemed Parmigiano Reggiano. In this article, we’ll delve deep into the nuances that set Parmigiano Reggiano apart, and discover the wealth of recipes that give this unique cheese the stage it deserves.
The Confusion: Parmigiano Reggiano vs. Parmesan
You might have noticed that in certain countries, the term “parmesan” is used liberally. It may be grated on pastas, sprinkled over pizzas, or used as a topping for a myriad of dishes. However, what is often labeled as parmesan is not Parmigiano Reggiano, especially if it hasn’t undergone the rigorous production methods that define this Italian delicacy.
Parmigiano Reggiano is a PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) product, meaning its production is confined to certain provinces in Italy, such as Parma and Reggio Emilia. The cows must be fed with locally grown forage, and specific aging processes are mandatory. In contrast, ‘parmesan’ cheeses can be manufactured anywhere, and there are no strict regulations that dictate their production methods or aging time.
‘Parmesan’ Cheese in Europe
In Europe, the term “Parmigiano Reggiano” is protected by PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) regulations, which means that only cheese produced in certain regions of Italy (Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna to the west of the Reno, and Mantua to the east of the Po) and under specific conditions can be labeled as “Parmigiano Reggiano.”
The term “Parmesan” is the French name for Parmigiano, and in European Union countries, it can only be used to refer to Parmigiano Reggiano when sold there.
‘Parmesan’ Cheese in the United States
However, in the United States and other non-EU countries, the term “Parmesan” is often used to describe a variety of hard, grating cheeses that may or may not adhere to the specific Italian methods and ingredient regulations. Therefore, the term can indeed refer to authentic Parmigiano Reggiano in European Union countries, but outside of the EU, its meaning can be far more ambiguous.
What Makes Parmigiano Reggiano Unique
Nutritional Values
Rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals, Parmigiano Reggiano is a nutritional powerhouse. It contains essential amino acids and is an excellent source of calcium, making it not just a tasteful addition to your recipes, but also a healthy one. It’s also considered naturally lactose-free!
Culinary Versatility
From risotto to pasta, the inclusion of Parmigiano Reggiano elevates the recipe. Its savory, nutty profile brings out the depth in flavors, making it a versatile ingredient for cooking as well as a superb stand-alone snack.
Flavor Complexity
Aged for at least 12 months, and often much longer, Parmigiano Reggiano develops a complex, nutty, and slightly fruity flavor profile. The aging process also lends it a crystalline texture that is a hallmark of this cheese.
